Everything beneath your home, explained.
Crawl spaces, basements, foundations, water and moisture: what you’re looking at, what usually causes it and what to do next.
An independent publication. We don’t sell repairs or refer contractors.
What are you seeing?
Start from the sign, not the repair.
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I see water
Puddles on the floor, a damp wall or a wet crawl space.
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I see a crack
In a foundation wall, a block wall or a basement floor.
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I’m finishing my basement
What to check and fix before you frame and drywall.
The guides
Eight sections, from the soil up to the floor framing. Every guide answers first, then explains what changes the answer.
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Crawl spaces
How vented and closed crawl spaces work, and what to do about moisture, water and mold under the floor.
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Basements
Egress windows and window wells, plus where to go for water, finishing and humidity.
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Basement water
Where water gets into a basement, what fixes it, and what to do after a flood.
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Basement finishing
What to check and fix before you frame, insulate or carpet a basement.
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Foundations
Foundation types, cracks, bowing walls and the wood where the house meets the foundation.
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Sump pumps
How a sump pump system works, how to troubleshoot it and how to back it up.
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Drainage
Grading, downspouts and French drains: moving water away before it reaches the walls.
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Moisture & mold
Basement humidity, dehumidifiers, condensation, smells and mold.
Tools
Each tool lives inside the guide that explains it, so the number comes with its limits.
Dehumidifier size calculator
Enter the area and how damp it is (or your hygrometer reading). You get the capacity range from ENERGY STAR’s sizing chart, in pints per day.
Dew point calculator
Enter air temperature and humidity, and optionally a wall or pipe temperature. You get the dew point and whether that surface will condense.
Can I clean this mold myself?
Five yes-or-no questions based on EPA guidance. You get one of three answers: do it yourself, call a professional, or fix the moisture first.
Who writes this
Our guides are written by a contractor who works on moisture, water and mold in Virginia. Structural information is reviewed by a civil engineering graduate who evaluates existing homes.
Robert Stulpt
AuthorLicensed contractor in Virginia who specializes in moisture, water and mold. Five IICRC certifications.
Daniel Mercer
Structural ContributorCivil engineering graduate (Virginia Tech, 2008) with more than 17 years evaluating existing homes in Virginia.
Below the Sill is an independent educational website. We don’t provide inspections, engineering or repair services, contractor referrals or estimates. About our experts and contributors.